Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is a technology that captures CO₂ emissions directly at the source before they are released into the atmosphere and safely stores them in geological formations. The goal is to reduce CO₂ emissions from industrial processes and energy production, contributing to the fight against climate change.

CCS is considered one of the most promising technologies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, especially in sectors that are difficult to decarbonize, such as the cement, steel, and chemical industries. The process consists of three main steps:

• Capture: CO₂ is captured at the source, such as power plants or industrial facilities. Different capture technologies are used, including pre-combustion, post-combustion, or oxyfuel combustion.
• Transport: The captured CO₂ is transported to a storage site via pipelines, ships, or other methods.
• Storage: The CO₂ is permanently stored in deep geological formations, such as depleted oil and gas fields or saline aquifers.

Benefits of CCS:

• Reduces direct emissions from industry and energy production.
• Provides a transitional strategy toward a climate-neutral economy.
• Can be combined with other technologies, such as the production of carbon-neutral hydrogen.

Challenges of CCS:

• High costs for installation and operation.
• Significant energy demand for CO₂ capture.
• Uncertainties regarding long-term storage and potential leaks.

Nevertheless, CCS plays a crucial role in many climate protection scenarios to achieve global net-zero targets.